Appendix A

    Definitions

    1. President of Penn State University, Neeli Bendapudi with OSP studentsAccess — Conditions that enable learners to enter, participate, and progress in educational programs, including academic, financial, social, and physical accessibility. 

    2. Persistence — Continued enrollment and academic progress toward a credential from term to term and year to year. 

    3. Success — Achievement of learning outcomes and attainment of milestones such as retention, timely credit accumulation, and graduation. 

    4. Equity‑Informed Planning — Planning that uses disaggregated data on outcomes and participation to set goals, allocate resources, and monitor continuous improvement. 

    5. Inclusive Practice — Pedagogical, advising, leadership, and operational behaviors that reduce barriers and promote belonging for diverse learners and employees. 

    6. Early Support — Coordinated, proactive outreach and referrals that connect students to academic and socio‑emotional support when indicators suggest a need. 

    7. Ethical, Equity‑Centered AI — AI design and use that prioritize fairness, accessibility, transparency, and community oversight, with governance to mitigate harm.